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This news article discusses data on Jupiter's moon Europa returned by NASA's Galileo and Voyager spacecraft and the possibility that an ocean of liquid water might exist on Europa and, with it, the possiblilty for extraterrestrial life.
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This educational brief describes the nature and properties of the Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets. Topics include the thickness and aereal extent of the ice sheets, volume of water contained in them, mass balance, and the mechanisms by which ice is lost from or accumulated by the ice sheets.
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This text explains how glaciers scour and grind the Earth's surface, and about the sorts of deposits they leave behind. Emphasis is on glaciation in the mountains and valleys of Vermont. Links to related topics are included.
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This graph shows the general trend of changing ice volume on the Earth over the last 750,000 years. The extent of ice is estimated using changes in the amount of different isotopes of oxygen found in planktonic foraminifera which occur as fossils.
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This document provides an explanation of the factors that are thought to drive the growth and retreat of continental glaciers which spread across the Earth during four periods of geologic history. These factors are thought ot be related to variations in Earth's orbit.
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This news article examines evidence that parts of the Antarctic ice sheet have undergone episodes of instability that appear to correspond with periods of unusually warm temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere during the last ice age.
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This site discusses the loss of ice from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, which has been observed for the last thirty years. Topics include why, when, and how much ice was lost by the ice sheet since the last glacial maximum, and whether the ice sheet was ever smaller than it is today.
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This document discusses possible factors that contributed to the formation of massive continental glaciers during four periods of geologic history.
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This collection of computer-generated animations shows glaciers and glacial landforms in the vicinity of Glacier Bay, Alaska. An introductory animation shows how the "fly-bys" are created.
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This animation shows the retreat of the Muir Glacier between 1941 and 1982. A scale bar gives some idea of the distance involved.
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