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The
warming
of
the
Earth
has
been
the
subject
of
intense
debate
and
concern
for
many
scientists,
policy-makers,
and
citizens
for
at
least
the
past
decade.
Climate
Change
Science:
An
Analysis
of
Some
Key
Questions,
a
new
report
by
a
committee
of
the
National
Research
Council,
characterizes
the
global
warming
trend
over
the
last
100
years,
and
examines
what
may
be
in
store
for
the
21st
century
and
the
...
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Decades
of
evolving
U.S.
policy
have
led
to
three
sectors
providing
weather
servicesNOAA
(primarily
the
National
Weather
Service
[NWS]),
academic
institutions,
and
private
companies.
This
three-sector
system
has
produced
a
scope
and
diversity
of
weather
services
in
the
United
States
second
to
none.
However,
rapid
scientific
and
technological
change
is
changing
the
capabilities
of
the
sectors
and
creating
...
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This
report
addresses
the
transition
of
research
satellites,
instruments,
and
calculations
into
operational
service
for
accurately
observing
and
predicting
the
Earths
environment.
These
transitions,
which
take
place
in
large
part
between
NASA
and
NOAA,
are
important
for
maintaining
the
health,
safety,
and
prosperity
of
the
nation,
and
for
achieving
the
vision
of
an
Earth
Information
System
in
which
...
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The
weather
on
planet
Earth
is
a
vital
and
sometimes
fatal
force
in
human
affairs.
Efforts
to
control
or
reduce
the
harmful
impacts
of
weather
go
back
far
in
time.
In
this,
the
latest
National
Academies
assessment
of
weather
modification,
the
committee
was
charged
to
provide
and
updated
assessment
of
the
ability
of
current
and
proposed
weather
modification
capabilities
to
provide
beneficial
impacts
...
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During
the
past
decade,
scientists
have
learned
much
about
the
complex
natural
processes
that
influence
climate
variability
and
change
and
our
ability
to
model
climate
has
increased
significantly.
We
have
also
begun
to
better
identify
those
parts
of
the
climate
system
that
are
particularly
important
and
not
well
understood,
and
therefore
limit
our
ability
to
project
the
future
evolution
of
Earths
...
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The
TOGA
(Tropical
Ocean
and
Global
Atmosphere)
Program
was
designed
to
study
short-term
climate
variations.
A
10-year
international
program,
TOGA
made
El
Nino
a
household
word.
This
book
chronicles
the
cooperative
efforts
of
oceanographers
and
meteorologists,
several
U.S.
government
agencies,
many
other
nations,
and
international
scientific
organizations
to
study
El
Nino
and
the
Southern
Oscillation
...
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Each
time
we
see
grim
pictures
of
aircraft
wreckage
on
a
rain-drenched
crash
site,
or
scenes
of
tired
holiday
travelers
stranded
in
snow-covered
airports,
we
are
reminded
of
the
harsh
impact
that
weather
can
have
on
the
flying
public.
This
book
examines
issues
that
affect
the
provision
of
national
aviation
weather
services
and
related
research
and
technology
development
efforts.
It
also
discusses
...
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This
book
recommends
the
initiation
of
an
"integrated"
research
program
to
study
the
role
of
aerosols
in
the
predicted
global
climate
change.
Current
understanding
suggest
that,
even
now,
aerosols,
primarily
from
anthropogenic
sources,
may
be
reducing
the
rate
of
warming
caused
by
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
In
addition
to
specific
research
recommendations,
this
book
forcefully
argues
for
two
kinds
...
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This
volume
reflects
the
current
state
of
scientific
knowledge
about
natural
climate
variability
on
decade-to-century
time
scales.
It
covers
a
wide
range
of
relevant
subjects,
including
the
characteristics
of
the
atmosphere
and
ocean
environments
as
well
as
the
methods
used
to
describe
and
analyze
them,
such
as
proxy
data
and
numerical
models.
They
clearly
demonstrate
the
range,
persistence,
and
magnitude
...
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Technology
has
propelled
the
atmospheric
sciences
from
a
fledgling
discipline
to
a
global
enterprise.
Findings
in
this
field
shape
a
broad
spectrum
of
decisions--what
to
wear
outdoors,
whether
aircraft
should
fly,
how
to
deal
with
the
issue
of
climate
change,
and
more.
This
book
presents
a
comprehensive
assessment
of
the
atmospheric
sciences
and
offers
a
vision
for
the
future
and
a
range
of
recommendations
...
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